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ARCHIPPUS.
lean Societj7"; Fabric, Bill, Grace, vol. ii, p. 544 ; Pope-Blount, Censura celebriorum Autliorum, Loud. 1690, fol.) [W. F.D.]
ARCHIMEDES, of Tralles, wrote commentaries upon Homer and Plato, and also a work upon mechanics. (Suidas, s. v.; Eudocia, p. 74.)
ARCHIMELUS ('Apx^Aos), the author of an epigram on the great ship of Hiero, which ap pears to have been built about 2*20 B. c. (Athen. v. p. 209.) To this epigram Brunck (Analect. ii. p. 64) added another, on an imitator of Euripides, the title of which, however, in the Vatican MS. is Apx'/u^ous, which there is no good reason for altering, although we have no other mention of a poet named Archimedes. [P. S.] . ARCHI'NUS ('Apxwos). 1. An Athenian statesman and orator. He was a native of Coele, and one of the leading Athenian patriots, who to gether with Thrasybulus and Anytus occupied Phyle, led the Athenian exiles back, and over threw the government of the Thirty tyrants, B. c. 403. (Demosth. c. Timocrat. p. 742.) It was on the advice of Archinus that Thrasybulus proclaim ed the general amnesty (Aeschin. de Fals, Leg. p. 338); Archinus, moreover, carried a law which afforded protection to those included in the amnesty against sycophantism. (Isocrat. in Cattim. p. 618.) Although the name of Archinus is obscured in history by that of Thrasybulus, yet we have every .reason for believing that he was a better and a greater man. Demosthenes says, that he was often at the head of armies, and that he was particularly great as a statesman. When Thrasybulus proposed, contrary to law, that one of his friends should be rewarded with a crown, Archinus opposed the illegal proceeding, and came forward as accuser of Thrasybulus. (Aeschin. c. Ctesipli. p. 584.) He acted in a similar manner when Thrasybulus en deavoured in an illegal way to procure honours for Lysias. (Plut. Vit. X. Oral. p. 835, f.; Phot. Cod. 260.) There are several other passages of ancient writers which attest that Archinus was a skilful nid upright statesman. He is also of importance n the literary history of Attica, for it was on his j'dvice that, in the archonship of Eucleides, B. c. 1-0.3, the Ionic alphabet ('IwviKa jpd^ara) was ntroduced into all public documents. (Suid. s. v. Sa/xtW 6 $7}juos.) Some ancient as well as modern vriters have believed that Archinus wrote a uneral oration, of which a fragment was thought o be preserved in demons of Alexandria. (Strom. i. p. 749.) But this is a mistake which arose vrith Dionysius of Halicarnassus (De adm. m 'icend. in Demosth. p. 178) from a misunderstood assage of Plato. (Menex. p. 403.) See Valesius, d Harpocrat. p. 101, &c.; Ruhnken, Hist. Orat. Iraec. p. xlii.; Taylor, Lysiae Vita, p. 141, &c.)
2. A Greek historian of uncertain date, who
rrote a work on the history of Thessaly which is
3W lost. (Schol. ad Find. Pyili. iii. 59 ; Steph.
yz. s. v. Aamoz>.) [L. S.]
ARCHIPPUS ("Apx"™*), an Achaean, who
:companied Andronidas to Diaeus, the commander
the Achaeans, to offer peace from the Romans,
c. 146. He was seized by Diaeus, but released
)on the payment of forty minae. (Polyb. xl. 5,
. rap. c. 4, init.) There was another Archippus,
i Achaean, who expelled the garrison of Nabis
)m Argos, b.c. 194. (Liv. xxxiv. 40.)
ARCHIPPUS ("'Apxiinros), an Athenian comic
et of the old comedy, gained, a single prize b. c.
fj'
ARCHYTAS.
415. (Suidas, s. v.} His chief play was '] " the Fishes," in which, as far as can be gathered from the fragments, the fish made war upon the Athenians, as excessive eaters of fish, and at length a treaty was concluded, by which Melanthius, the tragic poet, and other voracious fish-eaters, were given up to be devoured by the fishes. The wit of the piece appears to have consisted chiefly in playing upon words, which Archippus was noted for carrying to great excess. (Schol. in Aristopli. Vesp. 481, Bekker.) The other plays of Archippus, mentioned by the grammarians, are 3AfA<f>iTpvcw9 tHpa}f\-rjs yafji&v^ "Ovov ovaa, IIAovToy, and fPtVwj>. Four of the lost plays which are assigned to Aristophanes, were by some ascribed to Archippus, namely, notTjtns, Naucryos, Nyjcrot, Nio§is or Nfo§os. (Meineke, i. 207—210.) Two Pythagorean philosophers of this name are mentioned in the list of Fabricius. (BibL Graec. i. p. 831.) [P. S.]
ARCHIrfELES ('Apx^'^s). 1. Father of the boy Eunomus, whom Heracles killed by accident on his visit to Architeles. The father forgave Heracles, but Heracles nevertheless went into voluntary exile. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 6 ; Diod. iv. 36, who calls the boy Eurynomus; Athen. ix. p. 410,
&c.)
2. A son of Achaens and Automate, and brother of Archander, together with whom he carried on a war against Lamedon. (Pans. ii. 6. § 2.) He mar ried Automate, the daughter of Danaus. (vii. 1. § 3.) [L. S.]
ARCHITIMUS ('ApxfTijuw), the author_of a work on Arcadia. (Plut. Quaest. Graec. c. 39.)
ARCHO, the daughter of Herodicus, a Thessa-lian chief, whose children met with the tragical death mentioned by Livy. (xl. 4.) [theoxena.]
ARCH ON ("Apxw). 1. The Pellaean, appointed satrap of Babylonia after the death of Alexander, b.c. ?23 (Justin, xiii. 4; Diod. xviii. 3), is probably the same as the son of Cleinias mentioned in the Indian expedition of Alexander. (Arrian, Ind. c. 18.)
2. Of Aegeira, one of those who defended the conduct of the Achaean league with reference to Sparta before Caecilius Metellus, b.c. 185. He was one of the Achaean ambassadors sent to Egypt in b. c. 168 (Polyb. xxiii. 10, xxix. 10), and is perhaps the same as the Archo, the brother of Xenarchus, mentioned by Livy. (xli. 29.)
ARCHYTAS ('ApxwTas), of amphissa, a Greek poet, who was probably a contemporary of Euphorion, about b. c. 300, since it was a matter of doubt with the ancients themselves whether the epic poem Fepavos was the work of Archytas or Euphorion. (Athen. iii. p. 82.) Plutarch (Quaest. Gr. 15) quotes from him an hexameter verse concerning the country of the Ozolian Locrians. Two other lines, which he is said to have inserted in the Hermes of Eratosthenes, are preserved in Stobaeus. (Serm. Iviii. 10.) He seems to have been the same person whom Laertius (viii. 82) calls an epigrammatist, and upon whom Bion wrote an epigram which he quotes, (iv. 52.) [L. S.]
ARCHYTAS ('A0xy/TasX °f mytjlene, a musician, who may perhaps have been the author of the work flepi Ai)Ao)y, which is ascribed to Archytas of Tarentum. (Diog. Laert. viii. 82 ; Athen. xiii. p. 600, f., iv. p. 184, e.)
ARCHYTAS ('Apxrfras), a Greek of taken-, tum, who was distinguished as a philosopher, mathematician, general, and statesman, and was-'
t
