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CHITON.
for his love and affection for his master, whom he generously supported with his fortune (Diog. Laert. ii. 20, 121), than as a philosopher himself. Accordingly, whenever he is introduced in Plato's dialogues, his attachment to Socrates is extolled, and not his philosophical talents. It was Criton who had made every arrangement for the escape of Socrates from prison, and who tried, in vain, to persuade him to fly, as we see from Plato's dialogue named after him; and it was Criton also who closed the eyes of' the dying philosopher. (Plat. Phaedon, p. 118, a.) Criton applied his great riches, which are mentioned by Socrates in a jocose way in the Euthydemus of Plato (p. 304, c.), to the noblest purposes. His sons, of whom he possessed four according to Diogenes Laertius (ii. 121), and two according to Plato (Eutliydem. p. 360, with Heindorf's note), were likewise disciples of Socrates. The eldest of them was Critobulus. [critobulus.]
Criton wrote seventeen dialogues on philosophical subjects, the titles of which are given by Diogenes Laertius (/. c.). Among these there was one " On Poetics" (Uspl rioiTj-n/ajs), which is the only work on this subject mentioned in the history of Greek literature before the work of Aristotle. (The passages in Plato's writings, in which Criton is mentioned, are collected in Groen van Prinsterer, Prosopograpliia Platonica, p. 200, &c., Lugd. Bat. 1823 ; comp. Hermann, Gesck. und System der Platon. Philosophic, i. p. 633.) [A.S.]
CHITON (Kpnw), 1. Of aegae, a Pythagorean philosopher, a fragment of whose work, irepl TTpoi/oias Kal dyaO^s rvx'ns, is preserved by Stobaeus. (Serm. 3; Fabric. Bill. Grace, i. pp. 840, 886.)
2. Of athens, a comic poet of the new comedy, of very little note. Of his comedies there only remain a few lines and three titles, Alrca\oi, 4>(Ao-TrpdyfJLov, and Mefro^zna. (Pollux, ix. 4. 15, x. 7. 35; Ath. iv. p. 173, b.; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. i. p. 484, iv. pp. 537, 538.)
4. Of pieria, in Macedonia, wrote historical and descriptive works, entitled TS.a\\t]vixd, KTiffis, Hepcrutd, , and Trepl ttjs (Suid. s. v.) Immediately before, Suidas has the entry, Kptrcov eypa^zv ei/ to?s yztiico'ls. (Comp. Suid. s. v. yecrot ;, Steph. Byz. rerta.) Whether this was the same person is not known. (Voss. Hist. Graec. p. 423, Westermann ; Ebert, de Cri-tone Pieriota in Diss. Sic. i. p. 138.) [P. S.]
CRITON (k/htwz>). 1. A physician at Rome in the first or second century after Christ, attached to the court of one of the emperors (Gal. De Compos. Medieam. sec. Locos, i. 3, vol. xii. p. 445), probably Trajan, a. d. 98—117. He is perhaps the person mentioned by Martial. (Epigr. xi. 60. C.) He wrote a work on Cosmetics (KocTjUTjriKa) in four books, which were very popular in Galen's time (ibid. p. 446) and which contained almost all that had been written on the same subject by Heracleides of Tarentum, Cleopatra, and others. The contents of each chapter of the four books have been preserved by Galen (ibid.), l>y whom the work is frequently quoted, and have been inserted by Fabricius in the twelfth volume of the old edition of his Biblioth. Graeca. He wrote also a work on Simple Medicines (llepl tcoz> 3>ao/udita)v) of which the fourth book is quoted by
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CRIUS.
Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. ii. 11, vi. 1, vol. xiii. pp. 516, 862); he is also quoted by Aetius and Paulus Aegineta, and may perhaps be the person to whom one of the letters of Apollo-nius of Tyana is addressed. (Ep. xvii. ed. Colon. Agripp. 1623, 8vo.) None of his works are extant, except a few fragments preserved by other-authors. He is perhaps the author of a work on Cookery, mentioned by Athenaeus. (xii. p. 516.)
2. Another physician of the same name is men tioned by Galen as having belonged to the sect of the Empirici in the fourth or third century be fore Christ. (De Subfig. Empir. c. 1, vol. ii. p. 340, ed. Chart.) [W. A. G.]
L. CRITO'NIUS, a Roman, who was aedilis cerealis in b. c. 44. This office had been instituted by J. Caesar, and Critonius and M. Fannius were the first who filled it. Appian (B. C. iii. 23) relates the following occurrence respecting Critonius. When the Cerealia were celebrated, shortly after the murder of Caesar, and Octavianus erected the golden sella with a crown in honour of Caesar,—a distinction which had been conferred upon the dictator by a senatusconsultum,—Critonius declared that he would not suffer Caesar to be thus honoured in the games for which he (Critonius) himself had to pay the expenses. This conduct of a man who had belonged to the party of Caesar, and had been promoted by him (comp. Cic. ad Att. xiii. 21), is indeed surprising; but it may have been the consequence of a strong republican enthusiasm.
Another more serious difficulty is contained in the fact, that the Cerealia, at which Octavianus is here represented to have been present, were celebrated in the early part of April (Diet, of Ant s.v. Cerealia), that is, before the time at which Octavianus is known to have returned to Rome. Unless, therefore, we suppose that there is some blunder in the account of Appian, we must believe that the celebration of the games in that year was postponed on account of the great confusion that followed after the murder of Caesar. (Drumann, Gesch. Roms, i. p. 123.)
The annexed coin refers to this Critonius. It bears on the obverse the head of Ceres, and on the reverse two men sitting, with the legend, M. fan. L. grit., and it was doubtless struck by order of M. Fannius and L. Critonius in the year that they were aediles cereales. [L. S.]
CRIUS or CREIUS (KpTos), a son of Uranus and Ge, and one of the Titans, who was the father of Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses. (Hesiod0 • Theog. 375 ; Apollod. i. 1. § 3, 2. § 2.) [L. S.]
CRIUS (KpTos), son of Polycritus, and one of the chief men of Aegina. When the Aeginetans, in b. c. 491, had submitted to the demand of Dareius Hystaspis for earth and water, Cleomenes I., king of Sparta, crossed over to the island to apprehend those who had chiefly advised the measure, but was successfully resisted by Crius on the ground that he had not come with authority from the Spartan government, since his colleague Dema-
